2023/24
Published 22 August 2024. Updated 4 November 2024.
Changes to these statistics
This publication has been onboarded from NHS England.
Methodology has changed for calculating courses of treatment, mapping population data, dealing with revoked FP17 forms and late submission claims, and workforce data. You can find more information in section 3.1: changes to this publication.
We are interested in any feedback about the publication, which you can send by using our Official Statistics feedback survey.Key findings
In England in 2023/24:
There were 34 million courses of dental treatment delivered, 4.3% more than 2022/23.
There were 18 million adult patients seen in the 24 months up to the end of March 2024.
Total units of dental activity increased by 3.4% from 2022/23, up to 73 million.
there were 6.6 million child patients seen in the 12 months up to the end of March 2024.
31% of adult courses of treatment included scale and polish.
56% of courses of treatment for children included fluoride varnish clinical treatment.
there were 24,200 dentists who performed NHS dental activity
1.Things you should know
1.1. Background
This release is the first in this series by the NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). Previous releases of this series were published by NHS England, formerly NHS Digital, on their NHS dental statistics for England webpage.
NHS dental activity in England is usually commissioned through Integrated Care Boards (ICBs), who make contracts with providers of dental services. The contract specifies the activity a provider needs to complete over the coming financial year. This activity comprises a pre-agreed number of units of dental activity (UDA), units of orthodontic activity (UOA), or other services such as domiciliary visits or sedations.
Dentists can work on multiple contracts at the same time. A contract can have more than one location, and a location can have more than one contract recorded against it. Although the contract itself is linked to a commissioning organisation’s geographical boundary, a provider of dental services can have contracts across different ICBs or NHS regions. Therefore in these statistics, providers can be recorded against multiple different geographical areas.
Providers submit claims on FP17 forms to the NHSBSA for processing and this data forms the basis of the statistics in this publication. Dentists and other performers have 62 days to submit a claim for activity, and late submissions after this period may have the units of activity received reduced to 0.
The 24-month time period for adult patients seen and 12-month time period for child patients seen has been used to align with the recommended longest interval between dental checks in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) oral and dental health guidance.
1.2. What is in these statistics
The publication covers NHS Dental activity and the NHS Dental workforce in England from 2019/20 to 2023/24. This statistical summary narrative includes dental activity data on:
- courses of treatment (COT)
- units of dental activity (UDA)
- patient charges
- the number of adult and child patients seen
The publication also includes workforce data on:
- the annual number of NHS dentists
Some measures include additional breakdowns by ICB. The most granular level of data for this publication is released in the accompanying data files available on the NHS dental annual statistics 2023/24 webpage.
The publication does not include data on dental activity in the Channel Islands, private treatment or NHS dental services within hospitals. Workforce data includes NHS foundation dentists but does not include dental care professionals (DCPs) such as hygienists.
For breakdowns of activity data by ICB, this is based on the ICB of the dental contract, not the patient’s postcode. The measure of patients seen by ICB therefore does not distinguish between ‘local’ patients or ‘out-of-area’ patients.
1.3. Time periods
The data in this publication covers the period from April 2019 to March 2024. Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 refer to different 3-month financial quarters within the financial year. For example, financial year 2023/24 covers April 2023 to March 2024. Q1 is quarter 1 of 2023/24 and covers April to June 2023, while Q4 is quarter 4 and covers January to March 2024.
These statistics include the period of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. To limit COVID-19 transmissions, dental practices were instructed to close and cease all routine dental care from the 25th March 2020, and began to reopen from 8th June 2020. The data reported in the publication including activity, patient numbers, finances and treatments, will be lower than expected during the time period of restrictions.
Further information can be found in NHS Digital’s 2019/20 annual dental publication supplementary report as well as the background and methodology document for this release. The impact of COVID-19 should be considered when comparing across time periods.
1.4. Definitions
Treatment band
NHS dental activity is broken down into treatment bands based on how complex the treatment is. If a patient is not exempt and has to pay for treatment, the cost is determined by the treatment band. For activity with a date of acceptance from 25 November 2022 onwards, band 2 treatments are further broken down into sub-bands 2a, 2b, and 2c. The latest patient charges by band can be found on the NHS website along with information on what treatments each band covers.
COT
A COT is a course of treatment, usually begun after a dentist examines a patient and agrees treatment is required. In this release, COTs have been calculated by counting the number of valid FP17 claim forms. Depending on the treatment, a single COT can include multiple visits by a patient. For example, a patient may visit a dental practice several times while undergoing treatment, but this may be counted as a single COT.
UDA
A UDA is a unit of dental activity, which a dental contract can be awarded after submitting a valid FP17 claim form. Late submissions may have the UDA they receive reduced to 0. A general dental COT can receive different numbers of UDAs based on treatment band. More information on the UDAs received for each treatment band can be found on the NHSBSA website.
UOA
A UOA is a unit of orthodontic activity, which a dental contract can receive after submitting a valid FP17 claim form. How many UOAs are awarded depends on a patient’s age on the date of assessment. More information on how many UOAs are awarded for a treatment can be found on the NHSBSA website.
Dental performer
A performer is someone registered as a dentist with the General Dental Council (GDC) and who is on the Dental Performers List for England. Dentists can work under several different contract types based on what range of services they are required to provide.
2. Results and commentary
2.1. National dental activity
Number of NHS dental courses of treatment (COT) delivered in England 2019/20 to 2023/24
Chart
Figure 1: The total number of COTs increased in 2023/24
Table
Table 1: The total number of COTs increased in 2023/24
| Financial year | Total COT |
|---|---|
| 2019/2020 | 38,813,416 |
| 2020/2021 | 12,343,760 |
| 2021/2022 | 26,801,774 |
| 2022/2023 | 32,704,278 |
| 2023/2024 | 34,116,260 |
Source: Dental national activity tables
In 2023/24 there were 34.1 million COTs delivered, 4.3% more than 2022/23.
In 2023/24, 58.6% of COT delivered were for band 1 treatments.
COTs have increased for both adults and children since 2022/23.
In 2023/24 there were 34.1 million COTs delivered, an increase of 4.3% from 2022/23. The total number of COTs decreased noticeably in 2020/21, when dental practices were instructed to close for a time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2021/21, COTS have been increasing each year.
Number of NHS dental courses of treatment by band delivered in England 2023/24
Chart
Figure 2: Treatment band 1 had the highest number of COTs in 2023/24
Note: band 2 treatment with a date of acceptance on or after 25 November 2022 is split out into sub-bands 2a, 2b and 2c instead. Sub-bands totals will not add up to band 2 totals. Treatment bands Free and Regulation 11 Appliances have been excluded from the chart.
Table
Table 2: Treatment band 1 had the highest number of COTs in 2023/24
| Financial year | Treatment band | Total COT |
|---|---|---|
| 2023/2024 | Band 1 | 19,999,550 |
| 2023/2024 | Band 2 | 36,131 |
| 2023/2024 | Band 2a | 6,625,186 |
| 2023/2024 | Band 2b | 2,161,611 |
| 2023/2024 | Band 2c | 112,219 |
| 2023/2024 | Band 3 | 1,385,355 |
| 2023/2024 | Urgent | 3,674,731 |
| 2023/2024 | Free | 112,047 |
| 2023/2024 | Regulation 11 Replacement Appliance | 9,430 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: National overview summary tables (Excel: 137KB)
Band 1 continues to be the largest treatment band across COT. In 2023/24, 58.6% of COTs were for band 1 treatments. The number of band 1 COTs increased by 10.2% between 2022/23 and 2023/24, up to 20 million. This remains lower than the 23.1 million COTs for band 1 in 2019/20. From 2022/23 to 2023/24, band 3 COTs decreased by 11.9% to 1.39 million while urgent COTs decreased by 2.9% to 3.67 million.
Number of NHS dental courses of treatment by adult and child patients in England 2019/20 to 2023/24
Chart
Figure 3: COTs increased for adults and children in 2023/24
Table
Table 3: COTs increased for adults and children in 2023/24
| Financial year | Patient type | Total COT |
|---|---|---|
| 2019/2020 | Adult | 27,144,005 |
| 2019/2020 | Child | 11,669,411 |
| 2020/2021 | Adult | 8,949,866 |
| 2020/2021 | Child | 3,393,894 |
| 2021/2022 | Adult | 18,679,162 |
| 2021/2022 | Child | 8,122,612 |
| 2022/2023 | Adult | 22,471,166 |
| 2022/2023 | Child | 10,233,112 |
| 2023/2024 | Adult | 22,964,667 |
| 2023/2024 | Child | 11,151,593 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: National overview summary tables (Excel: 137KB)
COTs increased for both adult patients and child patients between 2022/23 and 2023/24. COTs for adult patients increased by 2.2% to 23 million, and 9.0% for child patients to 11.2 million.
31.4% of adult courses of treatment included scale and polish. 56.2% of courses of treatment for children included fluoride varnish clinical treatment.
Number of units of dental activity (UDA) in England 2019/20 to 2023/24
Chart
Figure 4: The total number of UDAs increased in 2023/24
Table
Table 4: The total number of UDAs increased in 2023/24
| Financial year | Total UDA |
|---|---|
| 2019/2020 | 79,725,106 |
| 2020/2021 | 24,351,462 |
| 2021/2022 | 57,723,637 |
| 2022/2023 | 70,130,676 |
| 2023/2024 | 72,502,208 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: National overview summary tables (Excel: 137KB)
The total number of UDAs awarded to dental activity claims was 72.5 million in 2023/24. The total number of UDAs has increased by 3.4% since 2022/23, but is still 9.1% lower than the 79.7 million total UDAs in 2019/20. The band with the highest total number of UDAs in 2023/24 was band 1 with 19.9 million, which also had the highest total number of COTs.
Patient charge revenue (GBP) in England 2019/20 to 2023/24
Chart
Figure 5: The total patient revenue increased in 2023/24
Table
Table 5: The total patient revenue increased in 2023/24
| Financial year | Total patient revenue (GBP) |
|---|---|
| 2019/2020 | 854,523,275.59 |
| 2020/2021 | 267,914,038.63 |
| 2021/2022 | 646,429,220.29 |
| 2022/2023 | 754,173,978.09 |
| 2023/2024 | 774,315,354.54 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: National overview summary tables (Excel: 137KB)
Patient revenue is the amount charged to patients who do not have a full or partial exemption. This money is a set charge a patient pays based on the treatment band. In 2023/24, the total patient revenue was £774 million, a 2.7% increase from £754 million last year.
Patient charges are set by the NHS and generally reviewed every year. For example, the charge for a band 1 treatment in 2022/23 was £23.80, which rose to £25.80 in 2023/24. More information on patient charges for previous years can be found in the background and methodology document for this release.
2.2 Geographical breakdown dental activity
Percentage of adult population seen by a dentist in the 24 months to March 2024, by ICB
Map
Figure 6 (map): Percentage of adult population seen by a dentist varies by ICB
Chart
Figure 6 (chart): Percentage of adult population seen by a dentist varies by ICB
Table
Table 6: Percentage of adult population seen by a dentist varies by ICB
| Financial year | ODS code | ICB name | Adult population | Adult percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023/2024 | QF7 | South Yorkshire ICB | 1,105,357 | 55.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QWU | Coventry and Warwickshire ICB | 761,754 | 50.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QOP | Greater Manchester ICB | 2,248,802 | 48.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QUA | Black Country ICB | 935,206 | 47.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QYG | Cheshire and Merseyside ICB | 2,043,853 | 46.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QHM | North East and North Cumbria ICB | 2,415,021 | 45.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QH8 | Mid and South Essex ICB | 947,478 | 45.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QWO | West Yorkshire ICB | 1,888,892 | 44.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QNC | Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent ICB | 916,291 | 44.5 |
| 2023/2024 | QM7 | Hertfordshire and West Essex ICB | 1,168,229 | 44.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QKK | South East London ICB | 1,426,782 | 43.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QHL | Birmingham and Solihull ICB | 1,039,522 | 43.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QOC | Shropshire, Telford and Wrekin ICB | 414,925 | 42.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QOQ | Humber and North Yorkshire ICB | 1,384,756 | 42.5 |
| 2023/2024 | QT1 | Nottingham and Nottinghamshire ICB | 930,114 | 42.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QJ2 | Derby and Derbyshire ICB | 854,427 | 42.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QE1 | Lancashire and South Cumbria ICB | 1,383,201 | 41.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QK1 | Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland ICB | 897,997 | 41.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QRV | North West London ICB | 1,679,622 | 40.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QNQ | Frimley ICB | 597,063 | 38.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QUY | Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire ICB | 797,821 | 38.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QMJ | North Central London ICB | 1,118,553 | 37.8 |
| 2023/2024 | QNX | Sussex ICB | 1,394,235 | 37.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QJM | Lincolnshire ICB | 629,512 | 37.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QMF | North East London ICB | 1,561,172 | 37.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QWE | South West London ICB | 1,183,189 | 37.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QJG | Suffolk and North East Essex ICB | 802,586 | 37.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QVV | Dorset ICB | 645,214 | 37.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QRL | Hampshire and Isle Of Wight ICB | 1,480,645 | 36.5 |
| 2023/2024 | QMM | Norfolk and Waveney ICB | 851,835 | 36.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QHG | Bedfordshire, Luton and Milton Keynes ICB | 775,366 | 35.8 |
| 2023/2024 | QGH | Herefordshire and Worcestershire ICB | 644,970 | 35.8 |
| 2023/2024 | QU9 | Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire West ICB | 1,416,691 | 35.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QKS | Kent And Medway ICB | 1,468,193 | 35.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QPM | Northamptonshire ICB | 618,807 | 34.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QT6 | Cornwall and the Isles Of Scilly ICB | 471,935 | 34.5 |
| 2023/2024 | QJK | Devon ICB | 1,008,924 | 34.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QOX | Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon And Wiltshire ICB | 760,784 | 33.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QXU | Surrey Heartlands ICB | 828,082 | 33.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QSL | Somerset ICB | 466,340 | 32.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QR1 | Gloucestershire ICB | 523,655 | 29.5 |
| 2023/2024 | QUE | Cambridgeshire and Peterborough ICB | 731,691 | 29.1 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: Geographical breakdown summary tables (Excel: 237KB)
South Yorkshire ICB had the highest percentage of the adult population seen by an NHS dentist in the 24 months to 31 March 2024, at 55.7%. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough ICB had the lowest percentage of the adult population seen by an NHS dentist at 29.1%. Across the same time period, the national average for England was 40.3%.
The number of patients seen has been mapped to the ICB of the contract that completed the dental activity, which may be different to the ICB a patient lives in. The mid-year population estimate used in these figures is for 2022. More information on the population data used can be found in this narrative in section 4.1 population data.
Percentage of child population seen by a dentist in the 12 months to March 2024, by ICB
Map
Figure 7 (map): Percentage of child population seen by a dentist varies by ICB
Chart
Figure 7 (chart): Percentage of child population seen by a dentist varies by ICB
Table
Table 7: Percentage of child population seen by a dentist varies by ICB
| Financial year | ODS code | ICB name | Child population | Child percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023/2024 | QF7 | South Yorkshire ICB | 286,748 | 63.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QOP | Greater Manchester ICB | 662,942 | 63.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QOC | Shropshire, Telford and Wrekin ICB | 101,124 | 62.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QK1 | Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland ICB | 238,708 | 62.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QM7 | Hertfordshire and West Essex ICB | 337,807 | 61.8 |
| 2023/2024 | QYG | Cheshire and Merseyside ICB | 506,993 | 61.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QWO | West Yorkshire ICB | 540,863 | 60.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QOQ | Humber and North Yorkshire ICB | 328,449 | 59.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QE1 | Lancashire and South Cumbria ICB | 354,040 | 59.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QNC | Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent ICB | 229,958 | 59.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QWU | Coventry and Warwickshire ICB | 201,450 | 59.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QT1 | Nottingham and Nottinghamshire ICB | 233,221 | 58.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QHM | North East and North Cumbria ICB | 590,498 | 57.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QNX | Sussex ICB | 326,786 | 57.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QRV | North West London ICB | 436,647 | 56.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QKK | South East London ICB | 369,089 | 56.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QJ2 | Derby and Derbyshire ICB | 212,527 | 56.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QU9 | Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire West ICB | 386,044 | 55.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QHG | Bedfordshire, Luton and Milton Keynes ICB | 240,014 | 55.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QJG | Suffolk and North East Essex ICB | 195,181 | 55.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QUY | Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire ICB | 195,113 | 55.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QXU | Surrey Heartlands ICB | 230,437 | 54.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QNQ | Frimley ICB | 176,418 | 54.2 |
| 2023/2024 | QKS | Kent And Medway ICB | 407,700 | 53.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QH8 | Mid and South Essex ICB | 262,002 | 53.9 |
| 2023/2024 | QOX | Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon And Wiltshire ICB | 193,068 | 53.6 |
| 2023/2024 | QRL | Hampshire and Isle Of Wight ICB | 361,407 | 53.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QVV | Dorset ICB | 139,958 | 52.8 |
| 2023/2024 | QMJ | North Central London ICB | 298,005 | 52.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QUA | Black Country ICB | 287,729 | 52.5 |
| 2023/2024 | QJM | Lincolnshire ICB | 146,012 | 51.8 |
| 2023/2024 | QHL | Birmingham and Solihull ICB | 335,759 | 51.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QUE | Cambridgeshire and Peterborough ICB | 195,651 | 51.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QR1 | Gloucestershire ICB | 128,754 | 50.7 |
| 2023/2024 | QGH | Herefordshire and Worcestershire ICB | 152,965 | 50.3 |
| 2023/2024 | QWE | South West London ICB | 326,028 | 50.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QMF | North East London ICB | 467,093 | 49.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QJK | Devon ICB | 223,736 | 49.0 |
| 2023/2024 | QMM | Norfolk and Waveney ICB | 190,097 | 48.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QPM | Northamptonshire ICB | 173,614 | 48.1 |
| 2023/2024 | QT6 | Cornwall and the Isles Of Scilly ICB | 105,759 | 47.4 |
| 2023/2024 | QSL | Somerset ICB | 110,512 | 42.8 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: Geographical breakdown summary tables (Excel: 237KB)
For the 12 months up to March 2024, South Yorkshire ICB also had the highest percentage of the child population seen by an NHS dentist at 63.6%. Somerset ICB had the lowest, with 42.8%. For England, the national percentage of the child population seen was 55.4% during the same 12 month time period.
2.2 Dental workforce
Number of dentists providing NHS dental activity in England 2019/20 to 2023/24
Chart
Figure 8: There was a small increase in the number of dentists in 2023/24
Table
Table 8: There was a small increase in the number of dentists in 2023/24
| Financial year | Number of NHS dentists |
|---|---|
| 2019/2020 | 24,676 |
| 2020/2021 | 23,733 |
| 2021/2022 | 24,265 |
| 2022/2023 | 24,151 |
| 2023/2024 | 24,193 |
Source: NHS Dental Statistics for England 2023/24: Workforce overview summary tables (Excel: 62KB)
The number of dentists with NHS activity in 2023/24 was 24,200. This was 0.2% more than in 2022/23. Since 2019/20, the number of dentists with NHS activity has fallen by 2.0% from 24,700.
3. About these statistics
Further information on the methodology used in this publication and further background information is available in our background information and methodology supporting document.
3.1 Changes to this publication
This publication was previously produced by NHS England (formerly NHS Digital). For the first release in this series by the NHSBSA, several changes have been made to the methodology. The new methodology has been used to produce a 5-year time series from 2019/20 to 2023/24 to allow comparisons over time.
Some numbers will not match historical totals published in previous years. The changes have generally had a small impact on the data compared to the previously published data, in most cases of less than 1%.
The main changes made during extracting and analysing dental activity data were:
- the removal of revoked FP17 records
- the removal of late submission claims outside of the reported time period
- how courses of treatment are calculated
- changes to mapping to ONS population data.
Revoked FP17 records, which are used to amend or withdraw a previously submitted claim have been removed, to avoid counting withdrawn FP17 forms.
This publication excludes data where a form has been submitted outside the maximum possible submission window for a given financial year, to more closely mirror the methodology used by other dental data published on the NHSBSA Open Data Portal.
Previously, COTs were calculated by dividing the given UDA weighting for a given band. This has been changed to a count of valid FP17 forms for treatment that has been completed, to get the number of COTs.
Mid-year population estimates by Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) were mapped up to various national, geographical, and health boundaries. This release also uses LSOA populations to map up to SICBL, ICB, and NHS region boundaries, then uses local authority and national estimates directly from ONS as these have a shorter publication lag. The way ICBs are mapped back through time may differ slightly from the previous mapping.
For years that appear in both the 2022/23 and 2023/24 publications, the national annual totals of COTs has changed by less than 1% as a result of the methodology changes to dental activity. The national annual totals of UDAs have changed by less than 0.1%.
Workforce data will not match previously published totals for several reasons. The way that data is processed in the system that dentists use to submit FP17 forms means there is no accessible historical record of what role type a dentist was in. Historical extract files have been used instead for years prior to 2023/24. Due to data retention periods, not all files were available for the years needed to calculate joiners and leavers, so joiners and leavers data in the supporting summary tables is for 2020/21 to 2023/24 only.
Other changes to the methodology have been minor, and have not had a noticeable impact on data at the level released in these statistics or the accompanying tables. All data released in these tables has notes and metadata to inform users of what to be aware of when using this data. In addition to the methodology, changes have been made to the formatting of the tables and addition of a statistical summary narrative, to align with other official statistics publications produced by the NHSBSA.
3.2 Population data
The population data for England and various geographical breakdowns in these statistics is taken from the latest ONS mid-year population estimates. The latest year for national and local authority level mid-year population estimates was 2023 at time of publication. The latest year for NHS region, ICB, and SICBL mid-year population estimates was 2022. Population totals for these geographical breakdown levels will therefore not match the national and local authority populations.
Population data for geographical area breakdowns, other than other local authority, has been aggregated up from LSOA populations mapped to Region, ICB, and SICBL. This has been mapped using lookups from the ONS Open Geography portal.
Dental activity for the Isles of Scilly will not appear under the Isles of Scilly local authority, so population totals by local authority may not directly match ONS national or sub-national population totals.
4. Rounding
The high-level figures in this statistical summary have been rounded, usually to 3 significant figures in the main narrative and 2 significant figures in the key findings.
All changes and totals are calculated prior to rounding. As all figures within this statistical summary have been rounded, they may not match totals elsewhere when aggregated.
The summary tables released with this publication allow users to investigate this data at lower levels of granularity. Figures in the supplementary tables have not been rounded.
5. Statistical disclosure control
Information about our statistical disclosure control protocol can be found on our website.
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